Few species symbolise the state of nature conservation in Europe as vividly as the European bison. Nearly extinct in the last century, it was rescued by passionate conservationists from the last animals in captivity, and although it is now benefiting from a growing environmental awareness, the European bison is still not out of danger and remains virtually unknown to the general public. There are fewer individuals of our largest European land mammal in the wild than there are black rhinos in Africa. Home to some of the very last pristine ecosystems in Europe, Romania is currently at a crossroad where decisions have to be taken in the apparent conflict between economic development and nature development. The successful project of Bison reintroduction in the southern part of the country could not only change the life of locals and their relationship with nature, but set the whole country in the right direction for decades to come.